First, start a tunnel over SSH:
ssh -N -D [PORT] [USER]@[SERVER_IP]
Then, in the browser, set the proxy settings to use SOCKS with host 127.0.0.1:[PORT] (i.e., using whatever PORT number you used in the tunnel command).
To capture all traffic, use sshuttle.
First, install it:
# e.g., with python:
pip install -U sshuttle
Then run it:
sshuttle --dns -r user@host 0.0.0.0/0
It'll prompt for the sudo password.